Module 35

1st part

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Curlicue variations

Polygon patterns in the Gauss plane of complex numbers


The complex function f with the real-valued argument x, the parameter n, and the real weight function $ \varphi$ is defined by a nested expression

f (n,$\displaystyle \varphi$, x) = e2$\scriptstyle \varphi$(0)$\scriptstyle \pi$x j$\displaystyle \left(\vphantom{1+e^{2\varphi(1)\pi

x\,j}\left(1+e^{2\varphi(2)\p...

...left(1+\ldots+e^{2\varphi(n)\pi

x\,j}\left(1\right)\ldots\right)\right)}\right.$1 + e2$\scriptstyle \varphi$(1)$\scriptstyle \pi$x j$\displaystyle \left(\vphantom{1+e^{2\varphi(2)\pi x\,j}\left(1+\ldots+e^{2\varphi(n)\pi

x\,j}\left(1\right)\ldots\right)}\right.$1 + e2$\scriptstyle \varphi$(2)$\scriptstyle \pi$x j$\displaystyle \left(\vphantom{1+\ldots+e^{2\varphi(n)\pi

x\,j}\left(1\right)\ldots}\right.$1 +...+ e2$\scriptstyle \varphi$(n)$\scriptstyle \pi$x j$\displaystyle \left(\vphantom{1}\right.$1$\displaystyle \left.\vphantom{1}\right)$...$\displaystyle \left.\vphantom{1+\ldots+e^{2\varphi(n)\pi

x\,j}\left(1\right)\ldots}\right)$ $\displaystyle \left.\vphantom{1+e^{2\varphi(2)\pi x\,j}\left(1+\ldots+e^{2\varphi(n)\pi

x\,j}\left(1\right)\ldots\right)}\right)$ $\displaystyle \left.\vphantom{1+e^{2\varphi(1)\pi

x\,j}\left(1+e^{2\varphi(2)\p...

...left(1+\ldots+e^{2\varphi(n)\pi

x\,j}\left(1\right)\ldots\right)\right)}\right)$; (1)
    n $\displaystyle \in$ \mathbb{N}0 ;  
    $\displaystyle \varphi$(i) $\displaystyle \in$ $\displaystyle \left\{\vphantom{i\,,\,\frac{1}{2}\,i(i+1)\,,\,\frac{1}{6}\,i(i+1...

...,\,\mbox{fib}(i) (i--te Fibonacci--Zahl)\,, p_i (i--te Primzahl),\ldots}\right.$i , $\displaystyle {\textstyle\frac{1}{2}}$ i(i + 1) , $\displaystyle {\textstyle\frac{1}{6}}$ i(i + 1)(i + 2) , fib(i) (ith Fibonacci number) ,  pi (ith prime number) , ...$\displaystyle \left.\vphantom{i\,,\,\frac{1}{2}\,i(i+1)\,,\,\frac{1}{6}\,i(i+1)...

...\,\mbox{fib}(i) (i--te Fibonacci--Zahl)\,, p_i (i--te

Primzahl),\ldots}\right\}$;  
    x $\displaystyle \in$ \mathbb{R} ;  j = $\displaystyle \sqrt{-1}$ ;  f (n,$\displaystyle \varphi$, x) $\displaystyle \in$ \mathbb{C}  

and generates for n = 0, 1, 2,... the sequence of complex numbers
\begin{displaymath}<f(n,\varphi,x)>_{n=0}^{\mbox{\scriptsize ad infinitum}}.

\end{displaymath} (2)
These complex numbers can be represented as points in the Gauss plane:

pset( f( n,$\displaystyle \varphi$, x ) ) = pset( re( f( n,$\displaystyle \varphi$, x ) ), im( f( n,$\displaystyle \varphi$, x ) ) ). (3)

Connecting each individual point p( f( n - 1,$ \varphi$, x ) ) with its adjacent neighbor p( f( n,$ \varphi$, x ) ) by a straight line yields a Curlicue-like [1] fractal polygon pattern.
In the following we present several pattern generated this way as obtained by varying n, x, and $ \varphi$(i).

\epsfbox{modul35_Figure1_1}
Figure 1:   n = 900 ,  $ \varphi$(i) = i ,  x = $ \pi$ 
$ \pi$ spiral
\epsfbox{modul35_Figure1}
Figure 2:   n = 600 ,  $ \varphi$(i) = i ,  x = $ {\frac{\pi}{2}}$ ;
$ \pi$ sea horse

\epsfbox{modul35_Figure7}
Figure 3:   n = 600 ,  $ \varphi$(i) = i ,  x = $ {\frac{\pi}{4}}$
\epsfbox{modul35_Figure8}
Figure 4 :   n = 600 ,  $ \varphi$(i) = i ,  x = e$\scriptstyle {\frac{\pi}{2}}$

\epsfbox{modul35_Figure4}
Figure 5:   n = 300 ,  $ \varphi$(i) = i ,  x = $ {\frac{1}{33}}$
\epsfbox{modul35_Figure5_1}
Figure 6:   n = 165 ,  $ \varphi$(i) = i ,  x = $ {\frac{1}{163}}$
M51

\epsfbox{modul35_Figure5}
Figure 7:   n = 490 ,  $ \varphi$(i) = i ,  x = $ {\frac{1}{163}}$
\epsfbox{modul35_Figure6}
Figure 8:   n = 800 ,  $ \varphi$(i) = i ,  x = $ {\frac{1}{\pi}}$

\epsfbox{modul35_Figure2}
Figure 9:   n = 500 ,  $ \varphi$(i) = i ,  x = $ \sqrt{163}$
\epsfbox{modul35_Figure3}
Figure 10:   n = 500 ,  $ \varphi$(i) = i ,  x = $ {\frac{e}{\pi}}$

\epsfbox{modul35_Figure9}
Figure 11:   n = 400 , $ \varphi$(i) = i,
x = $ \delta$ = 4.66920160910299...
\epsfbox{modul35_Figure9_1}
Figure 12:   n = 500 ,  $ \varphi$(i) = i ,  x = $ {\frac{1}{\delta}}$


\epsfbox{modul35_Figure10}
Figure 13:   n = 400 ,  $ \varphi$(i) = $ {\frac{1}{2}}$i(i + 1) ,  x = $ {\frac{1}{128}}$
\epsfbox{modul35_Figure11}
Figure 14:   n = 600 ,  $ \varphi$(i) = $ {\frac{1}{2}}$i(i + 1) ,  x = $ {\frac{1}{256}}$

\epsfbox{modul35_Figure12_1}
Figure 15:   n = 262 ,  $ \varphi$(i) = $ {\frac{1}{2}}$i(i + 1) ,  x = $ {\frac{\delta}{2}}$

\epsfbox{modul35_Figure12}
Figure 16:   n = 300 ,  $ \varphi$(i) = $ {\frac{1}{2}}$i(i + 1) ,  x = $ \pi$ ;
$ \pi$ cats

\epsfbox{modul35_Figure13}
Figure 17:   n = 300 ,  $ \varphi$(i) = $ {\frac{1}{2}}$i(i + 1) ,  x = $ {\frac{1}{43}}$
\epsfbox{modul35_Figure1_14}
Figure 18:   n = 300 ,  $ \varphi$(i) = $ {\frac{1}{2}}$i(i + 1) ,  x = $ {\frac{1}{67}}$ 
stagbeetle clones

\epsfbox{modul35_Figure15}
Figure 19:   n = 600 ,  $ \varphi$(i) = $ {\frac{1}{2}}$i(i + 1) ,  x = $ {\frac{1}{139}}$
\epsfbox{modul35_Figure16}
Figure 20:   n = 600 ,  $ \varphi$(i) = $ {\frac{1}{2}}$i(i + 1) ,  x = $ {\frac{1}{163}}$ 
ant and ant and ... or?

\epsfbox{modul35_Figure17}
Figure 21:   n = 600 ,  $ \varphi$(i) = $ {\frac{1}{2}}$i(i + 1) ,  x = $ {\frac{1}{173}}$
\epsfbox{modul35_Figure18}
Figure 22:   n = 600 ,  $ \varphi$(i) = $ {\frac{1}{2}}$i(i + 1) ,  x = $ {\frac{1}{179}}$

\epsfbox{modul35_Figure19}
Figure 23:   n = 600 ,  $ \varphi$(i) = $ {\frac{1}{2}}$i(i + 1) ,  x = $ {\frac{1}{181}}$ 
\epsfbox{modul35_Figure20}
Figure 24:   n = 600 ,  $ \varphi$(i) = $ {\frac{1}{2}}$i(i + 1) ,  x = $ {\frac{1}{191}}$



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